Operating system
<operating system> (OS) The low-level
software which handles the interface to
peripheral hardware, schedules tasks, allocates
storage, and presents a default
interface to the user when no
application program is running.
The OS may be split into a
kernel which is always present and various system programs which use facilities provided by the kernel to perform higher-level house-keeping tasks, often acting as
servers in a
client-server relationship.
Some would include a
graphical user interface and
window system as part of the OS, others would not.
The operating system loader,
BIOS, or other
firmware required at boot time or when installing the operating system would generally not be considered part of the operating system, though this distinction is unclear in the case of a rommable operating system such as
RISC OS.
The facilities an operating system provides and its general design philosophy exert an extremely strong influence on programming style and on the technical cultures that grow up around the machines on which it runs.
Example operating systems include
386BSD,
AIX,
AOS,
Amoeba,
Angel,
Artemis microkernel,
BeOS,
Brazil,
COS,
CP/M,
CTSS,
Chorus,
DACNOS, DOSEXEC 2,
GCOS,
GEORGE 3,
GEOS,
ITS,
KAOS,
Linux,
LynxOS,
MPV,
MS-DOS,
MVS,
Mach,
Macintosh operating system,
Microsoft Windows,
MINIX,
Multics,
Multipop-68,
Novell NetWare,
OS-9,
OS/2, Pick,
Plan 9,
QNX,
RISC OS,
STING,
System V,
System/360,
TOPS-10,
TOPS-20,
TRUSIX,
TWENEX,
TYMCOM-X, Thoth,
Unix,
VM/CMS,
VMS,
VRTX,
VSTa,
VxWorks,
WAITS.
FAQ (ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/usenet/news-info/comp.os.research).
Usenet newsgroup: news:comp.os.research.
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