Hypercube
A cube of more than three dimensions.
A single (2^0 = 1) point (or "node") can be considered as a zero dimensional cube, two (2^1) nodes joined by a line (or "edge") are a one dimensional cube, four (2^2) nodes arranged in a square are a two dimensional cube and eight (2^3) nodes are an ordinary three dimensional cube.
Continuing this geometric progression, the first hypercube has 2^4 = 16 nodes and is a four dimensional shape (a "four-cube") and an N dimensional cube has 2^N nodes (an "N-cube").
To make an N+1 dimensional cube, take two N dimensional cubes and join each node on one cube to the corresponding node on the other.
A four-cube can be visualised as a three-cube with a smaller three-cube centred inside it with edges radiating diagonally out (in the fourth dimension) from each node on the inner cube to the corresponding node on the outer cube.
Each node in an N dimensional cube is directly connected to N other nodes.
We can identify each node by a set of N
Cartesian coordinates where each coordinate is either zero or one.
Two node will be directly connected if they differ in only one coordinate.
The simple, regular geometrical structure and the close relationship between the coordinate system and binary numbers make the hypercube an appropriate topology for a parallel computer interconnection network.
The fact that the number of directly connected, "nearest neighbour", nodes increases with the total size of the network is also highly desirable for a
parallel computer.
